zvédeti to learn (od from), to come to know, to get to know, to discover, to ascertain, to find out, to hear, to be informed
zvedel sem (= kot slišim) I learn, I am told, I understand, I am informed
zvedel sem, da je on odšel I heard he'd gone, (pred kratkim) I've heard he's gone
včeraj se je (ra)zvedelo it was learned yesterday
to smo zvedeli od naših prijateljev we got to know it through our friends
pravkar sem zvedel, da je umrl I've just heard he's dead
to sem zvedel iz zanesljivega vira I have it on good authority
Zadetki iskanja
- get*1 [get]
1. prehodni glagol
dobiti; pridobiti zaslužiti; vzeti, jemati; preskrbeti, nabaviti, omisliti si, kupiti; spraviti, spravljati (pridelke); doseči; ujeti; razumeti, naučiti se, doumeti; zvedeti; dati si narediti
ameriško, sleng razjeziti, razdražiti
2. neprehodni glagol
postati; priti, dospeti; napotiti se; navaditi se
ameriško, sleng popihati jo
to get acquainted seznaniti se
to get to be postati
to get better okrevati
to get the better of s.o. premagati koga
to get the best of s.th. najbolje opraviti
to get one's back up razjeziti se
to get the bullet (ali boot, sack, mitten) biti odpuščen
to get clear of znebiti, otresti se
sleng get cracking! loti se posla!
to get dressed obleči se
to get done dati si narediti
there's no getting around nič ne pomaga
to get drunk opijaniti se
to get a glimpse of bežno zagledati
to get even with s.o. obračunati s kom
to get one's eye in navaditi se, prilagoditi se
to get on a fair treat zelo dobro napredovati
sleng to get s.o.'s goat razjeziti, razdražiti koga
get you gone! proč od tod, izgini(te)!
to get the goods on s.o. dobiti dokaze proti komu
to get a grip of obvladati, premagati
sleng to get a big hand zelo ugajati, doživeti velik uspeh
to get the hang of s.th. razumeti, doumeti kaj
to have got to (z nedoločnikom) morati, biti prisiljen
to get by heart naučiti se na pamet
ameriško, sleng to get in Dutch with zameriti se komu
to get hold of polastiti se
pogovorno to get the kick out of s.th. uživati nad čim
to get to know spoznati
sleng to get left razočarati se, podleči
to get lost zgubiti se
to get to like vzljubiti
to get it (in the neck) biti grajan, kaznova
to get a move on pohiteti
to get married poročiti se
to get on s.o.'s nerves dražiti koga
to get nowhere nič ne doseči
to get possession of s.th. polastiti se česa
to get a sight of zagledati
to get the sow (ali pig) by the tail (ali ear), to get the wrong sow by the ear zmotiti se
to get over (ali round) s.o. pregovoriti koga
to get s.o. razumeti koga; imeti koga za norca
sleng to get the raspberry biti zasmehovan
sleng to get rattled zmesti se, postati živčen
to get ready pripraviti se
to get rid (ali quit) znebiti se
to get a rise out of s.o. razdražiti koga
to get one's second wind oddahniti si
to get one's shoes soled dati si podplatiti čevlje
to get to sleep zaspati
to get a slip pelin dobiti, biti zavrnjen
to get the start of s.o. prehiteti koga
to get there doseči uspeh
to get well ozdraveti
to get the wind of s.th. zvedeti, zavohati, zaslutiti kaj
figurativno to get the wind up prestrašiti se
to get to work lotiti se dela
to get the worst of the bargain zgubiti, biti premagan
to get s.o. wrong napačno koga razumeti
to get used to doing s.th. navaditi se česa
to get the upper hand of s.o. premagati koga - hear* [híə]
1. prehodni glagol
slišati, poslušati
pravno zaslišati, razpravljati, pretresati; uslišati; zvedeti (from od, of o)
2. neprehodni glagol
slišati, dobiti vesti (about o)
slišati (from od)
hear, hear! da slišimo!; ironično glej!, glej!
pravno to hear evidence zaslišati priče
to hear say slišati govoriti
I've heard tell of pripovedovali so mi, povedali so mi
you will hear of it to si boš še zapomnil
he will not hear of it o tem neče nič slišati
let me hear from you piši mi
to make o.s. heard obrniti pozornost nase
so I (have) heard to sem slišal
to hear s.o. out do konca koga poslušati, pustiti koga govoriti do konca - learn* [lə:n]
1. prehodni glagol
(na)učiti se; zvedeti, slišati (of o, from od)
2. neprehodni glagol
(iz)učiti se, navaditi se; zvedeti, slišati (of o)
to learn by heart (na)učiti se na pamet
to learn by rote naučiti se z vajo, učiti se na pamet
I am (ali have) yet to learn that ni mi še znano, da
it was learned yesterday včeraj se je razvedelo
I've learned my lesson izučilo me - read*2 [ri:d]
1. prehodni glagol
brati, čitati, razbrati; prebrati, prečitati (off, through)
(raz)rešiti, reševati (uganke); preučiti (up)
razlagati, tolmačiti, pojasnjevati; predavati, učiti (s čitanjem), seznaniti koga s pisateljevimi mislimi; napoved(ov)ati, prerokovati; zvedeti, doznati (iz časopisa); študirati; uspavati koga z branjem (into, to sleep)
(o toplomeru) (po)kazati, (za)beležiti
to read s.th. to s.o. čitati komu kaj
to read to oneself čitati zase (skrivaj)
to read s.o. like a book figurativno točno koga spregledati (spoznati, razumeti)
to read a dream razlagati sanje
to read s.o.'s face brati komu na obrazu
to read s.o.'s fortune prerokovati komu prihodnost
to read law študirati pravo
with whom do you read Greek? pri kom študirate grščino?
read the letter to yourself preberite si pismo
he had read himself asleep zaspal je bil pri branju
to read music brati note, igrati po notah
to read a manuscript oceniti, recenzirati rokopis
to read s.o. a lesson ošteti koga, brati komu levite
do you read me? me razumeš?
how do you read this passage? kako razumete ta odstavek?
to read oneself blind (to sleep) oslepeti (zaspati) od branja
to read the riot act dati zadnje svarilo o posledicah slabega vedenja (npr. pri izgredih, demonstracijah pred vojaškim posegom)
to read s.th. into a text hoteti brati v besedilu nekaj, česar v njem ni
parlament the bill will be read tomorrow for the second time zakonski osnutek bo jutri drugič v razpravi
she likes being read to ona ima rada, da ji kaj berejo
the thermometer reads 30° C in the shade termometer kaže 30° C v senci
2. neprehodni glagol
brati, čitati; dati se brati; glasiti se; zvedeti z branjem, brati (about, of o)
študirati, učiti se, pripravljati se, pripraviti se za izpit (for za)
he is reading for the bar študira za advokaturo
to read between the lines brati med vrsticami
to read for an examination študirati za izpit
to read for a degree pripravljati se za diplomski izpit
to read for honours pripravljati se za rigoroz
the book reads well knjiga se dobro bere
his silence is to read as consent njegov molk je treba razumeti kot privolitev
this ticket reads for Leeds ta vozovnica velja za Leeds
it reads like a novel to se bere kot roman
it reads as follows (to) se glasi takole - search out prehodni glagol
najti, zvedeti; temeljito preučiti, preiskati, raziskati, prodreti v, prenikniti v - understand* [ʌndəstǽnd]
1. prehodni glagol
razumeti, umeti, pojmiti; razumeti se, spoznati se (how to nedoločnik kako...)
uvideti, spoznati, izkusiti; smatrati, misliti, predpostaviti, podrazumeti
2. neprehodni glagol
razumeti, imeti razum; biti informiran
zastarelo zvedeti, slišati
to understand about s.th. biti informiran o čem
to understand one another (each other) razumeti se med seboj (eden drugega), zlágati se, harmonirati
to understand business razumeti se na posle
he understands horses razume se, spozna se na konje
he can't understand a joke on ne razume šale
I understand from his manner vidim po njegovem vedenju
I understand he died last week zvedel sem (slišal sem, slišim), da je umrl pretekli teden
I understand that you spread these rumours slišim (slišal sem, pravijo), da vi širite te govorice
am I to understand that this sum is meant to cover all expenses? naj razumem (naj to pomeni), da naj ta vsota krije vse stroške?
do I (ali am I to) understand that you refuse? hočete s tem reči, da odklanjate?
it is an understood thing that... samo po sebi se razume, da...
that is understood to se razume samo po sebi
to give s.o. to understand dati komu razumeti
to make s.o. understand dati komu razumeti; razložiti komu
to make o.s. understood in French sporazume(va)ti se v francoščini, znati toliko francosko, da se sporazumemo (s kom)
it must be clearly understood that if you go, you go alone moramo si biti čisto na jasnem, da, če greste, greste sami
what did you understand him to say? kako ste razumeli njegove besede? - have*2 [hæv] prehodni glagol & neprehodni glagol
imeti; vsebovati, imeti v sebi; imeti mlade, otroka (to have a baby)
imeti, preživljati (to have a fine time dobro se imeti)
obdržati, imeti (may I have it?)
gojiti čustva, imeti (misli itd.); dobiti (I've had no news)
zvedeti od, slišati od (I have it from my friend)
znati, razumeti (she has no German)
jesti, piti, kaditi (I had a sandwich, some coffee, a cigarette)
trditi (as Plato has it)
sleng potegniti, prevarati koga
z nedoločnikom: morati (I have to do it)
z objektom in preteklim deležnikom: dati si kaj narediti (I had a suit made)
z nedoločnikom brez "to": dovoliti, trpeti (I won't have it, I won't have you say it)
Z nedoločnikom brez "to":
I had as good; ali as well prav tako bi lahko
I had as lief; ali as soon prav tako bi rad
I had better; ali best bolje bi storil, če, bilo bi pametno, če
I had sooner; ali rather raje bi
I had soonest; ali liefest najraje bi
Druge fraze in rabe:
sleng you have been had prevarali so te
parlament the Ayes have it večina je za
figurativno he had me in the argument potolkel me je
have them come here poskrbi, da pridejo
(not) to be had se (ne) dobi
you have it coming dobiš, kar zaslužiš
what would you have me do? kaj naj po tvojem storim?
I won't have you do it ne dovolim, da bi to naredil
have done! nehaj!
I have done with it s tem sem opravil
I have your idea sedaj te razumem
he had a leg broken zlomil si je nogo
he had a son born to him rodil se mu je sin
I won't have it tega ne trpim, ne dovolim
you have me, have you not? ti me razumeš, kajne?
rumour has it govorica gre
he will have it that on trdi, da
have it your own way naj bo po tvojem
I have it že imam, spomnil sem se
I would have you know rad bi, da zveš
I had him there na tem sem ga ujel, premagal sem ga, bil sem močnejši od njega
you have it right prav imaš, uganil si
to have breakfast, lunch, dinner (supper) zajtrkovati, kositi, večerjati
to have an affair imeti ljubezensko razmerje
to have the best of zmagati
to have s.th. by heart znati kaj na pamet
to have a chat pokramljati
to have a cold biti prehlajen
to have the cheek to predrzniti se
to have a day off imeti prost dan
to have to do with imeti kaj opraviti z
to have an edge on imeti majhno prednost, biti malo opit
to have one's fill of imeti dovolj česa
to have one's fling izdivjati se
ameriško, pravno to have and to hold imeti v posesti, ne spustiti iz rok
to have it in for s.o. zameriti komu, komu kaj slabega želeti
to have it in one to imeti dovolj poguma za
to have a heart biti usmiljen, imeti srce
to have kittens biti razburjen
to have the laugh on zadnji se smejati
to have a look at pogledati
to have a mind to kaj nameravati
to have s.th. in mind imeti kaj v mislih
to have it (all) over s.o. biti na boljšem od koga
to have it out with s.o. razčistiti stvar s kom
to let s.o. have it kaznovati koga, odkrito komu povedati, kar mu gre
to have ready pripraviti
to have a short (long) run obdržati se malo (dolgo) časa
to have the run of imeti pravico uporabljati
to have a say in imeti pravico kaj reči k
to have a good time dobro se imeti
to have a way with znati s kom ali čim ravnati
to have a shot at poskusiti kaj narediti
to have s.th. on s.o. imeti koga v šahu
to have s.o. on toast imeti koga v rokah, prekaniti koga
to have a try poskusiti - transpire [trænspáiə] prehodni glagol
izpariti; izznojiti, potiti
neprehodni glagol
izpariti se; potiti se, znojiti se; transpirirati
figurativno zvedeti se, priti na dan
vulgarno dogoditi se, zgoditi se
the secret has transpired skrivnost je (počasi) prišla na dan - come*1 [kʌm] neprehodni glagol (to, into; out of, from; within)
priti, prihajati, dospeti; prikazati, približati se; izvirati; postati; zgoditi, pripetiti se; znašati; delati se
to come and go sem in tja hoditi; prikazovati se in izginjati
to come the artful over oslepariti
to come to be postati
to come to blows stepsti se
sleng to come a cropper pasti; utrpeti škodo
to come down a peg biti ponižan
sleng to come the fine gentleman igrati odličnega gospoda
to come to grief doživeti polom
to come to a head doseči višek
sleng how comes? kako to, čemu?
let it come to the worst v najslabšem primeru
to come to harm utrpeti škodo
to come to know zvedeti
to come to light prikazati se
to come to nothing izjaloviti se
don't come the old soldier over me nikar se ne širokousti pred menoj
to come to pass zgoditi se
to come it over predrzno se vesti
to come to the point jasno se izraziti; skušati pridobiti
to come to see obiskati
to come short zamuditi; ne imeti uspeha, pogoreti
to come to stay ustaliti se
to come to terms dogovoriti, zediniti se; sprijazniti se, popustiti
to come bodoč, naslednji
in years to come v poznejših letih
come what may naj se zgodi, kar hoče
to come to the wrong shop obrniti se na napačen naslov
to come to o.s. zavedeti se
first come, first served kdor prej pride, prej melje
pogovorno he's as stupid as they come neumen je, kar se da
come now! daj že!
come! no! - čígar whose
moj prijatelj, o čigar smrti ste morali zvedeti my friend of whose death you must have heard - find out prehodni glagol
odkriti, spoznati; zalotiti
find out about zvedeti (o kom, čem) - know*2 [nóu]
1. prehodni glagol
vedeti, poznati, znati prepoznati; razpoznati, ločiti (from)
2. neprehodni glagol
vedeti (of za, o)
spoznati se (about na)
to know one's bussiness; ali to know a thing or two about, to know all about it, to know what is what, to know the ropes dobro se na kaj spoznati, vedeti vse o čem, biti izkušen v čem
to be known to biti komu znan
to be known as biti znan po čem
I know better than to nisem tako neumen, da bi
to know by heart znati na pamet
to know by sight poznati na videz
to know one from the other razločiti med dvema, razpoznati
to know a hawk from a handsaw biti dovolj bister
don't know him from Adam nimam pojma, kdo je
to get (ali come) to know spoznati, zvedeti
to let s.o. know sporočiti komu
to make known razglasiti, oznaniti
to make o.s. known to predstaviti se komu, seznaniti se s kom
to know one's own mind vedeti, kaj hočeš, ne omahovati
not to know what to make of a thing ne razumeti česa, ne znati si česa razložiti
not that I know ne da bi vedel, kolikor je meni znano ne
to know one's place vedeti, kje je komu mesto, ne riniti se naprej
to know one's way around znajti se, spoznati se
to know which side one's bread is buttered vedeti kdo ti reže kruh, vedeti, kaj ti koristi
to know from a bull's foot znati razlikovati, znati ločiti
before you know where you are hipoma, preden se zaveš
don't I know it! pa še kako to vem!
he wouldn't know (that) težko, da bi vedel, ne more vedeti
I would have you know that rad bi ti povedal, da; rad bi ti pojasnil
I have never known him to lie kolikor jaz vem, ni nikoli lagal
after I first knew him potem ko sem ga spoznal
he has known better days doživel je že boljše čase
I know of s.o. who vem za nekoga, ki
pogovorno not that I know of ne da bi vedel
pogovorno do (ali don't) you know? ali ni res? - knowledge [nɔ́lidž] samostalnik
znanje, poznavanje, vednost, spoznanje; izkustvo, veščina; poznanstvo; obvestilo, vest
carnal knowledge of s.o. spolno občevanje s kom
general knowledge splošna izobrazba
it is common knowledge splošno je znano, vsi vedo
to the best of my knowledge and belief po moji najboljši vednosti in vesti
not to my knowledge ne da bi vedel
to my certain knowledge za gotovo vem
to come to one's knowledge zvedeti, priti na ušesa
without my knowledge brez moje vednosti
it has grown out of all knowledge ne da se več prepoznati - notice1 [nóutis] samostalnik
obvestilo, objava, oglas; opazovanje, zaznanje; zaznamek, opomin; pozornost; odpoved; pismena opomba ali kratek članek v časopisu; ocena (knjige, filma itd.)
ekonomija notice of assessment davčna odločba
previous notice predhodna objava
this is to give notice that s tem obveščamo, da
pravno to give notice of appeal vložiti priziv
parlament to give notice of motion dati iniciativen predlog
obituary notice osmrtnica, obvestilo o smrti
to attract (ali come into) notice obrniti pozornost nase
to be under notice to quit biti blizu smrti
to bring s.th. to s.o.'s notice opozoriti koga na kaj
to escape notice ostati neopazen
to give s.o. notice odpovedati komu službo
to give s.o. notice of s.tb. sporočiti komu kaj
to give notice to quit odpovedati (stanovanje, službo)
to have notice zvedeti, biti obveščen
pravno to serve notice upon s.o. pozvati koga (na sodišče)
at a minute's (ali moment's) notice takoj
a month's notice enomesečna odpoved
without notice brez odloga (odpuščen itd.)
at short notice v kratkem roku
to put up a notice objaviti (na oglasni deski)
šaljivo to sit up and take notice iti na bolje (zdravje)
until further notice do nadaljnjega
baby takes notice otrok se začenja zavedati stvari okoli sebe
to take notice of opaziti, ozirati se na kaj
take notice that opozarjam te, da
to take no notice of ne zmeniti se za kaj, ignorirati
not worth s.o.'s notice nevreden upoštevanja - pravíca right; justice; equity; title (do, na, za to), claim (do to)
po pravíci rightly, justly, with (good) reason, in justice, in equity
po pravíci ali po krivici rightly or wrongly
vse pravíce pridržane all rights reserved
osnovne človeške pravíce basic human rights pl
domovinska pravíca right of domicile (ali of citizenship)
glasovalna pravíca right to vote
literarna pravíca copyright
lastninska pravíca right of possession, ownership, proprietorship
splošna volilna pravíca universal suffrage, franchise
aktivna volilna pravíca right to vote, the elective franchise
pasivna volilna pravíca eligibility
pravíca pesti, sile club law
pravíca preiskave right of search
pravíca odpovedi right of notice
pravíce in dolžnosti rights and duties
bežati pred roko pravíce to flee from justice
boriti se za pravíco to fight for justice
pravíci je bilo zadoščeno justice was done
sila je močnejša kot pravíca might makes right, might is (above) right
imeti pravíco do... to have a right to..., to be entitled to...
nimaš pravíce do tega you have no right (ali title) to it
imam pravíco zvedeti vso resnico I have a right to know the full truth
enake pravíce imeti to have equal rights
krojiti pravíco to administer justice
sam si krojiti pravíco to take the law into one's own hands
kratiti komu njegove pravíce to encroach upon someone's rights
da po pravíci povem, po pravíci rečeno to be quite frank; honestly speaing
odreči se svojim pravícam to waive one's rights
pridobiti si pravíco (do) to acquire the right (to)
priti do svoje pravíce to obtain justice
storil sem to z vso pravíco I had a perfect right to do it, I was entitled to do it
uveljaviti svoje pravíce to prove one's rights
s kakšno pravíco vstopate? what right have you to enter
vztrajati pri svojih pravícah, ne odstopiti od svojih pravic to stick up for (ali to hold out for) one's rights
imeti pravíco na svoji strani to be in the right; to have right on one's side - regret1 [rigrét] samostalnik
obžalovanje, kesanje, kes; skrb (for za)
opravičevanje; žalost, bolečina, bolest; razočaranje
with regret z obžalovanjem, nerad
to my regret na moje obžalovanje
it is a regret to me žal mi je, obžalujem
to express one's regret izraziti svoje obžalovanje
I expressed (I sent) my regret for refusing opravičil sem se, ker sem odklonil
I declined with much regret (with many regrets) odklonil sem z največjim obžalovanjem
I have to refuse with much regret na svojo veliko žalost (obžalovanje) moram odkloniti
to have no regret ne obžalovati
to hear with regret z obžalovanjem slišati (zvedeti) - sound4 [sáund]
1. samostalnik
medicina sonda
navtika merjenje globine
navtika grezilo, svinčnica
2. prehodni glagol
navtika (s svinčnico) meriti (globino), preiskovati (dno), določiti globočino vode (v ladijskem trupu)
medicina preiskovati, pregledati (sečni mehur) s sondo
figurativno oprezno pretipati; sondirati mišljenje (kake osebe)
neprehodni glagol
meriti globočino; (o kitu) potopiti se do dna
to sound s.o. on (about) pretipati koga gledé
to sound out s.o.'s views skušati zvedeti stališča kake osebe - wind1 [wind] samostalnik
veter; vihar, vihra; vetrna tromba
aeronavtika smer vetra; zrak; vonj, duh, voh
medicina vetrovi, napenjanje, plini; dih, dihanje; (trebušna) prepona
množina strani neba; (umetni) zračni tlak
glasba, ednina, konstrukcija pihala
figurativno prazne besede, čenče
between wind and water figurativno na občutljivem mestu
from the four winds z vseh strani neba, od vsepovsod
in(to) the wind's eye, into the teeth of the wind proti vetru
by the wind navtika s spodnjim vetrom (veter z boka proti ladijskemu kljunu)
off the wind s polovičnim vetrom (med bočnim in krmilnim)
to the four winds na vse (štiri) vetrove
like the wind kot veter, kot strelica, hitro
capful of wind vetrič, sapica od časa do časa
a fair (contrary) wind ugoden (neugoden) veter
puffed up with wind figurativno napihnjen, nadut, domišljav
slant of wind navtika sunek ugodnega vetra
sound in wind and limb v odlični telesni kondiciji
to be in the wind figurativno biti v zraku
there is s.th. in the wind figurativno nekaj je v zraku
all his promises are but wind vse njegove obijube so le prazne besede
it is an ill wind that blows nobody good v vsaki nesreči je tudi kaj dobrega
to break wind medicina spuščati vetrove
to catch wind of s.th. zavohati kaj
to cast (ali to fling; ali to throw) to the wind na vse vetrove vreči, figurativno zapravljati, ne se zmeniti za
to come from the four winds priti z vseh strani sveta
to find out how the wind blows (ali lies) ugotoviti, kako veter piha (tudi figurativno)
to get (the) wind of s.th. zavohati, zasumiti, priti na sled, zvedeti, slišati kaj
the affair got (ali took) wind stvar se je razvedela
to get the wind up prestrašiti se, imeti tremo; pobesneti
to have lost one's wind biti ob sapo
to have one's wind taken biti paraliziran zaradi udarca v trebušno prepono (pri boksanju)
to hit in the wind figurativno zadati udarec v želodec
to put the wind up s.o. prestrašiti koga, pognati komu strah v kosti
to raise the wind sleng, figurativno dobiti potrebni denar; dvigniti prah
the wind rises veter nastane, se dvigne
to lose one's wind priti ob sapo
to recover one's wind zopet k sapi priti
to go to the winds figurativno propasti
he preaches to the winds govori v veter (zaman, stenam)
to sail before the wind pluti, jadrati z vetrom v hrbtu
to sail close to the wind figurativno delati nekaj, kar je komaj še pošteno; mejiti na nezakonitost; figurativno skrajno varčno gospodariti
to pump wind into the tire napolniti pnevmatiko z zrakom
to sail with every shift of wind jadrati, kakor veter potegne, figurativno obračati svoj plašč po vetru
to sow the wind and reap the whirlwind sejati veter in žeti vihar
to speak to the winds govoriti v veter, zaman (stenam) govoriti
to take the wind out of s.o.'s sails figurativno prehiteti koga s čim, kar je on hotel napraviti, ter ga s tem oškodovati; premagati koga z njegovim lastnim orožjem
to be troubled with wind medicina imeti vetrove
to whistle down the wind figurativno zaman kaj želeti - zanímati to interest (koga someone), to be of interest (to someone), to be interesting (to someone)
to me ne zanima I am not interested in it, it has no interest for me, this is of no interest to me
zanimalo te bo zvedeti, da... if will be interesting for you to know that...
zanímati se za... to be interested in, to take an interest in, to have an interest in, to interest oneself in
zelo se zanimam za glasbo I take a great interest in music
njega zanima vse (zanima se za vse), kar vidi he takes an interest in everything he sees
/ 1
Število zadetkov: 20