Franja

hold^*3 [hóuld]

1. prehodni glagol
držati, obdržati, zadržati; omejiti, zadrževati, ovirati, krotiti; zdržati
šport zadržati nasprotnika; zavezati koga za kaj (to)
imeti (npr. sestanek); imeti, posedovati (zemljo, pravice, delnice, službo); imeti koga za kaj (npr. za poštenjaka); proslavljati (praznik); obdržati (smer); prenašati (alkohol)
vojska & figurativno odbraniti, obdržati (položaj)
pravno odločiti, odrediti; pritegniti (pozornost)
ameriško zadostovati (hrana)
ameriško rezervirati, imeti rezervacijo (v hotelu)
ameriško prijeti, obdržati v zaporu

2. neprehodni glagol
držati se, zadržati se, vztrajati (by, to pri, na čem)
veljati, obveljati; obstati, prenehati; dogajati se, biti

hold! počakaj, ustavi se!
to hold the baby proti svoji želji imeti odgovornost
to hold to bail proti jamstvu izpustiti na svobodo
to hold the bag ostati na cedilu, imeti vso odgovornost
to hold a brief for odobravati, strinjati se
to hold one's breath zadržati dih
to hold the boards obdržati se na odru (igra)
to hold cheap ne ceniti
to hold in check imeti koga v šahu, krotiti
to hold in chase zasledovati
to hold a candle to the devil dajati potuho
to hold in contempt prezirati koga
to hold dear ceniti, čislati, ljubiti
to hold fast čvrsto držati, ne izpustiti
to hold the fort obraniti se
to hold a good hand imeti dobre karte
to hold good veljati, obveljati, izkazati se
to hold one's ground (ali one's own) vztrajati, ne popustiti, biti kos
to hold one's horses potrpeti
to hold s.o. (s.th.) in the hollow of one's hand imeti koga (kaj) v pesti
hold hard! počakaj!, stoj!
to hold one's hand vzdržati se česa
to hold one's head high biti zelo ponosen
hold everything! takoj prenehaj!
to hold at nought omalovaževati, ne ceniti
to hold s.o. to his promise (ali word) držati koga za besedo
to hold pace with iti v koraku s kom ali čim
to hold one's peace (ali tongue) molčati, držati jezik za zobmi
to hold still ostati miren
to hold a stock imeti zalogo, imeti na zalogi
to hold the stage biti v središču zanimanja (igralec na odru)
to hold tight čvrsto (se) držati
to hold true veljati, biti res
to hold water prenesti natančen pregled, veljati; biti vodotesen
to hold a wager staviti
to hold watch stražiti
there is no holding him ne da se ga zadržati, nezadržen je
neither to hold nor to bind ki se ga ne da obvladati, neukročen
the rule holds of (ali in) all cases pravilo velja v vsakem primeru
the place holds many memories kraj je poln spominov
to eat as much as one can hold jesti kolikor kdo zmore

horse¹ [hɔ:s] samostalnik
konj, žrebec
vojska jezdeci, konjenica; lesen trinožnik
tisk vlagalna deska
šport konj
sleng prepovedan pripomoček v šoli
pogovorno bankovec za 5 funtov
ameriško burka, vragolija

to breathe like a horse sopsti kot konj
šport buck-horse koza
a horse of another colour nekaj čisto drugega
clothes-horse stojalo za sušenje obleke
to back the wrong horse slabo presoditi
figurativno a dark horse nepričakovan zmagovalec
to eat like a horse jesti kot volk
to flog a dead horse mlatiti prazno slamo; zaman se truditi
horse and foot konjenica in pešadija; figurativno z vsemi sredstvi
it is a good horse that never stumbles tudi najpametnejšemu včasih spodleti
ameriško hold your horses! le mirno!
light horse lahko oborožena konjenica
to look a gift horse in the mouth gledati podarjenemu konju na zobe
to mount (ali ride, be on) the high horse prevzetno se vesti
you may take a horse to water, but you can't make him drink s silo se ne da vsega doseči
to play horse with s.o. grobo s kom ravnati
to put the cart before the horse delati kaj narobe
to ride the wooden horse za kazen jahati na lesenem konju
to roll up horse, foot, and guns popolnoma premagati
horse of state paradni konj
straight from the horse's mouth iz zanesljivega vira
one-horse show neuspela stvar
figurativno do not spur a willing horse ne priganjaj ubogljivega konja
sea-horse morski konj, triton; zoologija morski konjiček; zoologija mrož
vojska to horse! na konje!
wild horses will not drag me there za nobeno ceno ne grem tja
to work like a horse delati kakor konj
wheel horse zanesljiv delavec, garač

hraníti to nourish; to feed; to supply with food; (imeti na hrani, dajati hrano) to board, to keep; (vzdrževati) to support, to sustain, to maintain; (varčevati) to save, to spare, to economize on, to lay aside

preveč, predobro hraníti to overfeed
premalo, preslabo hraníti to underfeed
hraníti se to feed (z on), to eat, to live on, to partake of; (skupaj jesti) to mess (together)
kje se hranite? where do you take your meals?, where do you board?
hraníti se z delom svojih rok to have to work for his living
hraníti se s kruhom in vodo to feed on bread and water

knife¹ [náif] samostalnik
nož, bodalo, rezilo

before you can say knife nenadoma, zelo hitro
to get a knife into s.o. napasti brez milosti, ostro kritizirati
a good (poor) knife and fork dober (slab) jedec
to play a good knife and fork z apetitom jesti
war to the knife boj na nož, boj brez milosti
under the knife pod kirurškim nožem
to go under the knife biti operiran

krùh bread

brez krùha breadless, (brez posla) unemployed
črn krùh brown (ali black) bread
domač krùh home-made (ali household) bread
bel krùh white bread
ječmenov krùh barley bread
koruzen krùh ZDA corn pone
ržen rye bread
svež krùh fresh (ali new) bread
star, suh krùh stale bread
(ne)kvašen krùh (un)leavened bread
vojaški krùh ration bread
pražen krùh toast
naš vsakdanji krùh our daily bread
hlebec, štruca krùha loaf of bread
kos, reženj krùha a piece, a slice of bread
ob krùhu in vodi on bread and water
krùh z maslom bread and butter
ostanki krùha left-over bread
pražilec za krùh toaster
košarica za krùh breadbasket
rezilni stroj za krùh bread slicer
skorja krùha a crust of bread
krùha in iger! bread and circuses!
boj za vsakdanji krùh the struggle for life
pomanjkanje krùha shortage (ali scarcity) of bread
deliti s kom krùh to break bread with someone
on ni vreden krùha, ki ga jé he is not worth his salt
ni imel skorje krùha he had not a crust of bread to eat
ostati brez krùha (figurativno) to be thrown out of work
pritrgovati si krùh od ust to stint oneself
odjesti komu krùh to take the bread out of someone's mouth
jesti tuj krùh (figurativno) to serve other people, to be dependent on other people
prišel je do krùha pogovorno he's got it made
peči krùh to bake bread
služiti si svoj krùh z... to get one's living by...
sam si mora služiti krùh he has to earn his own living
težko si služiti krùh to work hard for a living
kako si služi svoj krùh? (figurativno) how does he earn (ali make, win) his bread (ali his living)?
skregati se s svojim krùhom (figurativno) to quarrel with one's bread and butter, not to know which side one's bread is buttered on
stati v vrsti za krùh to stand in a bread-line
krùh je vzhajal the bread has risen
živeti ob krùhu in vodi to be put on bread and water

mahogany [məhɔ́gəni]

1. samostalnik
botanika mahagonovec (drevo), mahagonovina (les); mahagonijeva barva; obedna miza

2. pridevnik
mahagonijev, rdečkasto rjav

to be under the mahogany ležati pijan pod mizo
to have one's knees under s.o.'s mahogany jesti pri kom, biti gost pri kom

meal¹ [mi:l] samostalnik
obrok, jed, obed
agronomija količina mleka ene kravje molže

to have (ali take) a meal jesti
to make a meal of zaužiti kaj
square meal polni obrok

ménza mess; canteen; restaurant

častniška (podčastniška) ménza officers' (sergeants') mess
študentovska ménza students' refectory (canteen, restaurant)
iti v ménzo to go to mess
jesti v ménzi to mess

mutton [mətn] samostalnik
bravina
šaljivo ovca

as dead as mutton mrtev, izumrl
pogovorno mutton dressed like lamb mladostno opravljena starejša ženska
to eat one's mutton with s.o. jesti s kom
to return to one's muttons vrniti se k prvotnemu predmetu pogovora

peck³ [pek]

1. prehodni glagol
kljuvati, kavsniti, kavsati; glasno poljubiti, cmokniti koga; pojesti (hitro, malo), zobati

2. neprehodni glagol
kavsniti, kljuvati (at)

figurativno to peck at s.o. zbadati, gristi koga
to peck down porušiti (zid)
to peck out izkljuvati
to peck up zobati, požrešno jesti; prekopati zemljo

pig¹ [pig] samostalnik
prašič, svinja; svinjina.
tehnično šibika, kos surovega železa, kalup za vlivanje; pomarančni krhelj
pogovorno umazanec, požeruh, svinja

in pig breja (svinja)
sucking pig odojek
guinea pig morski prešiček
ameriško, sleng blind pig skrivna točilnica
figurativno to carry pigs to market hoteti kupčevati
to bring one's pigs to a pretty (ali wrong) market narediti slabo kupčijo
figurativno to buy a pig in a poke kupiti mačka v žaklju
pigs in clover ljudje, ki so hitro obogateli, pa ne vedo kam z denarjem; vrsta družabne igre
to go to pigs and whistles iti rakom žvižgat, propasti
in less than a pig's whistle na mah
ameriško, sleng in a (ali the) pig's eye! traparija!
when the pigs fly nikoli
to make a pig of o.s. požrešno jesti, žreti
please the pigs če bo šlo vse po sreči, če bodo okoliščine dopuščale
pigs might fly čudeži se utegnejo zgoditi
to stare like a stuck pig gledati ko zaboden vol

play² [pléi]

1. neprehodni glagol
igrati (for za)
šaliti se, zabavati se, igračkati se; začeti igrati (karte), napraviti potezo, biti na potezi (šah); poigravati se (barve, valovi, žarki itd.); streljati (top), brizgati (vodomet), sijati
tehnično imeti prostor za gibanje, imeti toleranco, premikati se (bat), biti v pogonu; biti primeren za igro (igrišče)

2. prehodni glagol
gledališče igrati, uprizoriti
šport nastopiti, igrati proti, sprejeti igralca v moštvo; uperiti (žaromet, luč, vodni curek) na koga; ustreliti (iz topa)
tehnično spraviti v pogon, upravljati (stroj), obvladati

to play along with sodelovati, v en rog trobiti s kom
to play it cagey biti previden, omahovati
figurativno to play both ends against the middle previdno, rafinirano ravnati
to play ball with s.o. pošteno postopati s kom
to play booty prevarati
figurativno to play one's cards well (badly) (ne)spretno manevrirati
to play s.o. dirt izigrati koga
to play the devil (ali deuce) with prekrižati komu račune
to play by ear igrati po posluhu
to play fair (foul) pošteno (nepošteno) ravnati
to play s.o. false izdati koga
to play the fool zganjati neumnosti
to play a fish utruditi ribo na trnku
to play fast and loose with zlorabljati koga
to play the game držati se pravil, pošteno ravnati
to play to the gallery šopiriti se pred javnostjo
to play guns on obstreljevati
to play into s.o.'s hands koristiti drugemu, pomagati komu
to play one's hand for all it is worth izrabiti vsako priliko, uveljaviti vse svoje zmožnosti
to play the knave varati
to play a good knife and fork jesti z apetitom
to play the horses staviti na konjskih dirkah
to play for love igrati za zabavo ne za denar
sleng to play it (low) on izigrati koga, zlorabiti
to play a joke (ali prank, trick) on potegniti koga za nos
to play the races staviti na konjskih dirkah
to play a part igrati vlogo, pretvarjati se
to play possum hliniti spanje
to play upon the square pošteno ravnati
to play safe previdno ravnati, ne tvegati
to play second fiddle imeti podrejen položaj
to play a good stick dobro sabljati
to play for time zavlačevati, poskušati pridobiti na času
to play truant (ali hooky) neopravičeno izostati od pouka
to play s.o. a mean trick prevarati koga
to play tricks with nagajati
to play (up)on igrati na, figurativno izrabljati koga
to play (up)on words zbijati šale, igrati se z besedami
to play with igrati se s, z; lahkomiselno ravnati s

point¹ [pɔ́int] samostalnik
konica, bodica, ost (igle, noža, svinčnika, jezika itd.)
arhaično bodalo, meč
tehnično koničasta priprava, dleto, šilo, črtalnik, graverska igla
lov cilj, postojanka (psov)
množina udje, okončine (zlasti konjeve), parožki (jelen)
slovnica pika (tudi full point)
tisk enota za velikost tiskarskih črk (0,376 mm), izbočena točka v Braillovi pisavi
matematika točka (point of intersection sečišče)
decimalna pika; točka na zemljevidu, cesti itd.
fizika stopinja (temperature na lestvici), stopnja
geografija rtič
geografija stran neba (cardinal points glavne strani neba)
točka, kraj, mesto, cilj, namen (point of destination namembni kraj; ekonomija point of entry vstopno pristanišče)
trenutek, moment (odločilni, kritični at the point of death umirajoč)
točka dnevnega reda (to differ on several points ne strinjati se v več točkah)
poanta, bistvo, odlika, svojstvo; cilj, namen, smisel (there is no point in doing it nima smisla to narediti)
poudarek (to give point to one's words dati poudarek svojim besedam)
(karakteristična) poteza, lastnost, odlika (his strong, weak point njegova močna, šibka točka; it has its points ima svoje dobre strani)
ekonomija točka pri racioniranju ali ocenjevanju blaga
šport točka (to lose on points izgubiti po točkah, points win zmaga po točkah)
šivana čipka
glasba znak za ponovitev, karakteristični motiv, tematičen vstavek
vojska predstraža, izvidnica
britanska angleščina kretnica

ekonomija to be on points biti racioniran (blago)
to be off points biti v svobodni prodaji
ekonomija to put on points racionirati
at all points temeljito, popolnoma, v vseh ozirih
at the point of na robu, blizu
at the point of the pistol z namerjeno pištolo
at the point of the sword z grožnjo, nasilno
at this point v tem hipu, na tem mestu (v govoru itd.)
to be on the point of pravkar nameravati
beside (ali off, away from) the point neprimeren, ne na mestu
to bursting point (sit) da bi počil
boiling-point vrelišče
freezing-point ledišče
melting-point tališče
to bring to a point dovršiti, končati
a case in point ustrezen primer
to carry (ali gain) one's point doseči svoj smoter
to come (ali get) to the point priti k stvari, priti do odločilnega trenutka
to give point to s.th. poudariti kaj
šport to give points to s.o. dati komu prednost v igri, figurativno biti močnejši
figurativno nine points skoraj vse, 90 procentov
possession is nine points of the law če kaj imaš, imaš vedno prav
to dine on potatoes and points jesti samo krompir
in point ustrezen, umesten
in point of glede na
in point of fact pravzaprav, resnično
point at issue sporna točka
a point of interest zanimiva podrobnost
the point of the jaw brada
a knotty point zamotana stvar
to keep to the point ostati pri stvari
to lack point ne biti prepričljiv
to make a point of vztrajati na čem, poudarjati
šport to make (ali score) a point doseči točko; dokazati resničnost trditve
to make s.th. a point of honour smatrati kaj za častno zadevo
a moot point dvomljiv dokaz
ameriško point of origin kraj porekla
not to put too fine a point on it brez ovinkov povedati, ne prikrivati
to press a point vztrajati pri čem, pritiskati na kaj
point of no return aeronavtika nevarna cona, figurativno od kjer ni vrnitve
to see the point razumeti poanto
to stand upon points paziti na vsako malenkost, biti prenatančen
to stick to the point ostati pri stvari
to stretch (ali strain) a point narediti izjemo, pogledati skozi prste
one's sore point boleča točka
there is no point in it nima smisla
to the point stvarno
up to a point do neke mere
turning-point preokret
point of view stališče, mnenje
that is the point to je vprašanje, to je poglavitna stvar
parlament point of order dnevni red

prášič pig, (ZDA večinoma) hog

divji prášič boar
morski prášič porpoise
hrana za prášiče food for pigs, pig swill, figurativno filthy grub; slops, swill
to še za prášiče ni! this is not fit for pigs to eat!
jesti kot prášič to make a pig of oneself

prislíniti se

prislíniti se h komu (zastonj jesti in piti) to sponge on (ali upon) someone; pogovorno to freeload; (avstralski) to bludge

relish¹ [réliš] samostalnik
okus (za kaj), užitek (v hrani ipd.), slast; dišava, začimba; prijeten okus; predjed
figurativno veselje (za kaj) navdušenje; nagnjenje ljubezen (do česa); privlačnost, všečnost, draž, čar, tek; pokušnja, kapljica (of česa)

I have no relish for (music) nimam nobenega veselja (smisla) za, ne maram za (glasbo), ni mi do (glasbe)
he has no relish for hard study resen študij mu ne diši
we have no relish for walks za sprehode nam ni
danger gives relish to adventure nevarnost daje draž pustolovščini
to eat with great relish jesti z velikim tekom
hunger is the best relish for food glad je najboljša začimba za jed
to lose its relish izgubiti svojo draž
to have lost all relish izgubiti vso privlačnost (draž, slast)
to read with great relish brati z velikim užitkom, naslajati se ob branju

s (pred zvenečimi glasovi z) with; by, from

s pošto by post
s 50 leti at the age of 50 years
s časom with time, in the course of time
s svinčnikom in pencil
s tega stališča, vidika from this point of view, standpoint
z zgodovinskega stališča from the historical standpoint
s pismom (pismeno) by letter
s silo by force
s pomočjo... by means of...
kaj (pa) je s teboj? what is the matter with you?
govoriti s kom to speak with (ali to) someone
jesti s krožnika to eat off a plate
pasti s konja to fall off one's horse
hoditi s palico to walk with a stick
potovati s parnikom (z letalom, z vlakom) to travel by steamer (by air plane, by train)
kaj misliš reči s temi besedami? what do you mean by these words?
prepirati se s kom to quarrel with someone
primerjati koga s kom drugim to compare someone with someone else
boriti se s smrtjo to be in one's last agony, to be at one's last gasp
vsta(ja)ti s soncem to rise with the sun
tekmovati s kom to rival someone, to vie with someone
udariti s palico to strike with a stick
vzemite me s seboj! take me along with you!
s solzami v očeh... with tears in one's eyes

salt¹ [sɔ:lt] samostalnik
(kuhinjska) sol
kemija sol (često množina)
medicina (odvajalna) sol
figurativno začimba, sol, ostroumnost, dovtipnost, duhovitost
domačno mornar; sodček za sol

in salt namočen v raztopini soli, nasoljen
above (below) the salt figurativno na gornjem (spodnjem) koncu mize
with a grain of salt figurativno razsodno, s pametnim premislekom, ne dobesedno
the salt of the earth figurativno sol zemlje, elita
an old salt star mornar, figurativno morski volk
salt of lemon oksalna kislina za odstranitev madežev črnila
attic salt figurativno duhovitost
common salt kuhinjska sol
Glauber's salt Glauberjeva grenka sol, natrijev sulfat
Epsom salt grenka sol, magnezijev sulfat, purgativ
rock-salt kamena sol
sea-salt morska sol
smelling-salts dišeča sol (proti omedlevici)
a speech full of salt začinjen, zabeljen govor
table salt namizna, fina sol
to be the salt of earth figurativno biti sol (elita, smetana) zemlje
to be true to one's salt biti zvest svojemu gospodarju
you are not made of salt figurativno nisi iz sladkorja (lahkó greš na dež)
he is not worth his salt figurativno ni za nobeno rabo, je popolnoma nesposoben
to eat salt with s.o. biti gost koga
to eat s.o.'s salt figurativno uživati gostoljubnost koga, jesti njegov kruh; biti odvisen od koga
to drop (a pinch of) salt on the tail of a bird natresti soli ptiču na rep (da bi ga ujeli)
to be seated above (below) the salt zgodovina zavzemati mesto uglednega (nepomembnega) gosta pri mizi
to sit below the salt sedeti poleg neuglednih gostov ali služinčadi pri obedu
to take with a grain of salt vzeti (kaj) z vso opreznostjo, zadržanostjo, rezervo

shovel [šʌvl]

1. samostalnik
lopata, lopatica
tehnično bager (na lopate, vedra)

2. prehodni glagol & neprehodni glagol
metati ali zajemati z lopato, lopatiti
figurativno gomiliti, grmaditi, kopičiti (v veliki množini)

to shovel food into one's mouth pohlepno jesti, goltati
to shovel away odstraniti, odmetati (z lopato)
to shovel up nagomiliti, zgrebsti
to shovel money zgrábiti (spraviti, nakopičiti si) skupaj denar

slást delight; deliciousness

slást oblasti the sweets of power
ta jed mi gre v slást I relish this dish, I like (the taste of) this dish very much
jesti z veliko slástjo to eat with a great appetite
okusiti slást uspeha to taste the sweets of success