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quiddity [kwíditi] samostalnik
bit, bistvo, jedro; dlakocepstvo (pri obravnavanju), igranje z besedami

reality [riǽliti] samostalnik
realnost, stvarnost, resničnost; bistvo, bitnost; vernost (opisa), naravno prikazovanje; dejstvo, fakt, resnica, prava narava (of česa)

in reality v resnici, dejansko, (za)res
the reality prava, resnična narava, stvarnost
to make one's dream a reality uresničiti svoj sen

substance [sʌ́bstəns] samostalnik
snov, materija, substanca, masa
filozofija bit; stvarnost, realnost, resničnost; vsebina, téma, predmet (knjige itd.); jedro, bistvo, prava vrednost; odločilnost, merodajnost; premoženje, imetje

in substance v bistvu
the substance of the essay predmet eseja
arguments of little substance malo odločilni argumenti
a man of substance premožen, bogat človek
to take the shadow for the substance vzeti senco za realnost
to waste one's substance zapravljati svoje premoženje, biti razsipen

sum¹ [sʌm] samostalnik
vsota, suma; znesek; seštevek; rezultat; zgoščenost, skupnost; kratkost; kratek pregled najvažnejših delov česa, resumé, povzetek
figurativno bitnost, bistvo, jedro
figurativno, zastarelo vrhunec, višek, najvišja točka (stopnja)

in sum skupno; (na) kratko, skratka
sum and substance bit
lump sum okrogla vsota (za več raznovrstnih dolgovanj); vsota, ki se takoj plača
a round sum okrogla (lepa, precéjšnja) vsota
sum total skupna vsota, globalni znesek
to do sums računati
he is good at sums on zna dobro računati

virtuality [və:tjuǽliti] samostalnik
virtualnost, zmožnost učinkovanja; bistvo, bistvenost

vital [váitl]

1. pridevnik (vitally prislov)
življenjski, življenjsko važen, nujno potreben, vitalen
poetično živ, ki živi; življenjsko nevaren, smrten, poguben, usodepoln
figurativno biten, bitno važen, bistven, glaven, osnoven; odločilen; živahen, vitalen, poln poleta (elana)

vital force, necessity življenjska moč, potreba (nuja)
vital interests življenjsko važni interesi
your help is vital to us vaša pomoč nam je neobhodno potrebna
of vital importance življenske važnosti
a vital mistake usodepolna napaka
vital spirits življenjska energija
vital statistics šaljivo obseg prsi, pasu in bokov pri ženski
a vital wound smrtonosna rana

2. samostalnik
množina vitalni organi (neobhodno potrebni za življenje)
figurativno bistvo; važni sestavni deli

yolk [jóuk] samostalnik
rumenjak (jajca); masten znoj ovac ali ovčje volne
figurativno bistvo, jedro, srcé

consist [kənsíst] neprehodni glagol (of)
sestajati (in)
obstajati (with)
ujemati, skladati se (in)
biti bistvo česa, predstavljati

whatness [wɔ́tnis] samostalnik
bistvo stvari, pravo bistvo

bottom¹ [bɔ́təm] samostalnik
dno, tla; vznožje; nižava, dolina; podlaga, osnova
vulgarno zadnjica; sedalo; ladijsko dno, ladja; usedlina, gošča
figurativno vzrok, razlog
pogovorno vztrajnost; enica (prestava v motorju); najoddaljenejši kraj; spodnje čelo mize, oseba, ki tam sedi

at (the) bottom dejansko, pravzaprav, v resnici
to act (ali stand) (up) on one's own bottom delati na svojo roko (odgovornost), biti neodvisen
from top to bottom od glave do pete
to be at the bottom of s.th. biti pravi vzrok česa
the bottom of the business bistvo stvari
to be embarked in the same bottom imeti isto usodo, udeležiti se iste stvari
to go to the bottom potopiti se, utoniti
from the bottom of one's heart z dna srca
to knock the bottom out of dokazati neresnico, ovreči, podminirati
bottom leather podplat
to get down to rock bottom priti stvari do dna
to send to the bottom potopiti
to touch bottom nasesti; figurativno zaiti v hude težave
to venture all in one bottom staviti vse na eno kocko
bottom up! izpij do dna!, eks!
at the bottom of the street na koncu ulice

hang¹ [hæŋ] samostalnik
način kako tkanina (stvar) visi ali pada; način dela; padec, strmec, pobočje; kratek premor
pogovorno pomen

not a hang ni govora
I don't care a hang mar mi je
not to give a hang ne meniti se za kaj
to get (ali see) the hang of a thing dojeti bistvo česa, razumeti kaj

head² [hed] samostalnik
glava; dolžina glave (pri konjskih dirkah); pamet, razum, nadarjenost; vodja, voditelj, predstojnik; šolski direktor, -ica; glava kovanca; glava, vrh, gornji del, vzglavje (strani, postelje, knjige, pisma, stopnišča itd); glava žeblja, kladiva, bucike; višek, kriza; pena na pivu, mleku; rogovje (srnjadi); oseba, komad, kos, glava (živine); stržen čira; izvir reke; zajezena voda; pritisk pare zraka, plina, vode; predgorje, rt
domačno plačilni, glavni natakar; streha na vozu; glavna točka (govora), poglavje (knjige), rubrika, stolpič (v časopisu)
ekonomija postavka (v računu, fakturi), kategorija
sleng latrina

above one's head težko razumljivo, prepametno za koga
at the head of na čelu
by head and shoulders; ali by the head and ears s silo, na silo
(by) head and shoulders above mnogo boljši od
by a short head za dolžino nosu, figurativno z majhno prednostjo
crowned heads kronane glave
a deer of the first head petleten jelen ali srnjak
navtika down by the head s prednjim delom ladje globoko v vodi
head of the family družinski poglavar
heads of state državni voditelji
the head and front bistvo, politika glava zarote, vodja upora
from head to foot od nog do glave, popolnoma
head first (ali foremost) z glavo naprej, figurativno nepremišljeno
a large head of game velik trop živali
hot head vročekrvnež
a beautiful head of hair gosti lasje
head over heels narobe, do ušes, na vrat na nos
old head on young shoulders pameten mlad človek
off one's head; ali out of one's head nor
over one's head viseč nad glavo (nevarnost); težko razumljivo
over head and ears; ali head over ears preko glave, do ušes, popolnoma
on this head o tem predmetu
out of one's own head sam od sebe, sam, na lastnem zeljniku
two heads are better than one kolikor glav, toliko misli
head of water vodni steber
heads or tails obe strani kovanca (pri metanju)
twopence a head 2 penija na osebo
sleng King's (Queen's) head poštna znamka
weak in the head slaboumen
head, cook and bottle washer kdor s svojim vedenjem poudarja svojo veljavo
figurativno on your head be it! naj gre na tvojo glavo, ti si odgovoren
ten head of cattle deset glav živine

Z glagoli:

to beat s.o.'s head off prekositi koga
pogovorno to bite (ali snap) s.o.'s head off uničiti koga
to bring to a head pripeljati do krize
figurativno to break one's head glavo si razbijati
to carry one's head high nositi glavo pokonci, biti ponosen
to come to a head priti do krize, zaostriti se; medicina zagnojiti se, dozoreti (čir)
sleng to do a thing on one's head igraje kaj napraviti
to drag in by the head and ears s silo privleči, za ušesa privleči
to eat (ali cry, scream, run) one's head off pretirano se razburjati
it entered my head v glavo mi je padlo
to give s.o. his head figurativno popustiti uzde
to get s.th. through one's head doumeti, razumeti kaj
to go over s.o.'s head biti pretežko za koga
to go to s.o.'s head v glavo stopiti
this horse eats his head off ta konj več pojé, kot je vreden
to have a good head for biti nadarjen za
to have a head imeti "mačka"
to have a good head on one's shoulders biti dobre glave
to have one's head in the clouds figurativno živeti v oblakih, sanjariti
to have one's head screwed in the right way imeti glavo na pravem koncu
to have a head like a sieve imeti glavo kot rešeto, biti pozabljiv
to hit the nail on the head točno zadeti
to keep one's head ostati miren
figurativno to keep one's head above water obdržati se nad vodo, životariti
to knock s.th. on the head onemogočiti kaj
to lay (ali put) heads together glave stikati, posvetovati se
to let s.o. have his head pustiti komu delati po svoji glavi
to lie on s.o.'s head biti komu v breme
to lose one's head izgubiti glavo
I cannot make head or tail of ne razumem, ne vidim ne repa ne glave
to make head izbiti na čelo, napredovati
to make head against uspešno se upirati
to be put over the heads of other persons pri napredovanju preskočiti druge
to put s.th. into s.o.'s head vtepsti komu kaj v glavo
to put s.th. into one's head vtepsti si kaj v glavo
to put s.th. out of s.o.'s head izbiti komu kaj iz glave
to put s.th. out of one's head izbiti si kaj iz glave
to put one's head in the lion's mouth izpostavljati se nevarnosti
to rear one's head glavo dvigniti
to run in s.o.'s head vrteti se komu po glavi
to run one's head against a brick wall riniti z glavo skozi zid
to shake one's head odkimati
to shake one's head at z glavo zmajati
to suffer from swelled (ali swollen) head biti zelo domišljav
to take the head prevzeti vodstvo
to take s.th. into one's head v glavo si kaj vtepsti
to talk over s.o.'s head za koga preučeno govoriti
to talk s.o.'s head off utruditi koga z nenehnim govorjenjem
to talk through the back of s.o.'s head neprestano v koga govoriti
to throw o.s. at the head of obesiti se komu za vrat
to talk one's head off nenehno govoriti
to turn one's head v glavo stopiti
to turn s.o.'s head glavo komu zmešati
to win by a head zmagati za dolžino glave (konj)
to work one's head off pretegniti se od dela, garati
heads I win, tails you lose izgubiš v vsakem primeru

long³ [lɔŋ] samostalnik
dolg čas; dolžina, dolg glas, dolg zlog
britanska angleščina velike počitnice
množina dolge hlače

at (the) longest najdlje
before long kmalu
for long za dolgo časa
to take long dolgo potrebovati
the long and the short of it bistvo tega, z eno besedo, na kratko

merit¹ [mérit] samostalnik
zasluga, vrednost, odlika, prednost, dobra stran

pravno the merits bistvo, glavne točke (zadeve)
pravno to decide a case on its merits upoštevati vse argumente za in proti
the merits and demerits of a case dobre in slabe stvari zadeve
pravno to inquire into the merits of a case temeljito zadevo preučiti, iti stvari do dna
on its own merits samo na sebi, v bistvu
without merit brez vrednosti, prazen, brez vsebine, neveljaven
to make a merit of šteti si v zaslugo
a man of merit zaslužen človek
to reward s.o. according to his merits nagraditi koga po njegovih zaslugah, dati komu kar mu gre
ekonomija merit pay plačilo po učinku
ekonomija, politika merit system sistem nastavitve in napredovanja na temelju sposobnosti

prodréti ➞ prodirati; (uspehi) to make one's way, to break through

predlog je prodrl the proposal went through
prodréti v bistvo problema to get to the heart of the matter

root¹ [ru:t] samostalnik
korenika, korenina, koren
figurativno koren, izvor, poreklo, izvirna oblika; vzrok; temelj, osnova, jedro, srž, bit
matematika & slovnica koren
množina vznožje (gore)

root and branch figurativno korenito, temeljito, popolnoma, radikalno
root of the matter jedro, bistvo stvari
roots; množina of a mountain vznožje gore
cube root, third root matematika kubični koren
Dutch roots množina cvetlične čebulice
second root, square root matematika kvadratni koren
to destroy root and branch popolnoma uničiti (iztrebiti, izkoreniniti)
to get at (ali to) the roots of evil priti do korena (vzroka) zla
to lay axe at the root of posekati korenine (zla itd.)
war lies at the root of it korenine (izvor) tega je vojna
to pull out by the roots izruvati s koreninami (vred)
to strike at the root (of) udariti po korenini, odrezati korenino (česa)
to take (to strike) root pognati korenine, ukoreniniti se
to take root from imeti svoj izvor v, bazirati na
to tear up the roots izkoreniniti; iztrebiti

stvár thing; matter; object; stuff; (posel, skrb) concern; case; (zadeva) affair, subject, business

stvár časti affair of honour
sporna stvár debatable question, pravo a moot point
vsa stvár the whole business (ali affair, matter)
k stvari! keep (ali stick) to the point (ali to the matter in hand)!; (v parlamentu, govorniku) answer the question!
vse moje stvári all my belongings pl, my goods and chattels pl
dogovorjena, domenjena stvár a put-up job
kočljiva, delikatna stvár a delicate point
stvár zase another question, a matter apart
stvár v diskusiji the subject under discussion, the matter in hand
spadajoč k stvári relevant
ne spadajoč k stvári irrelevant
to je moja stvár that's my business (ali affair, concern, lookout)
to ni moja stvár that is no business of mine; that is not my affair
v tem je vsa stvár (= za to gre) that's the gist of it (ali the whole point)
to je čisto druga stvár that's completely off the point, that's an entirely different thing, (figurativno) that's a horse of a different colour
to je stvár navade that's a matter of habit
to je jedro, bistvo stvári this is the gist (ali the substance) of the matter
to je važna stvár this is a matter of importance (ali of great importance)
to je kočljiva stvár this is a ticklish (ali delicate, difficult) matter, this requires careful handling
to ni smešna stvár this in no laughing matter
(to je pa) lepa stvár! (ironično) that's a nice mess!, pogovorno a fine how-do-you-do (ali how d'ye do)
ne vem, kaj je na stvári I don't know what the problem is, pogovorno I don't know what's the matter (ali what's up, what it's all about)
borimo se za dobro stvár we are fighting for a good cause
brigaj se za svoje stvári! mind your own business, don't be such a busybody!
sedaj ne gre za to stvár that is not the question now
naj gredo stvári svojo pot! let things slide!
to nima nič opraviti s sámo stvárjo that has nothing to do with the question
pogovoriti se o stvári to talk the matter over
ostati pri stvári to stick to the point
priti s stvárjo na dan to raise a matter
pusti stvár v miru (= ne dvigaj prahu)! let sleeping dogs lie!
preidimo na stvár! let us come to the point (ali to the matter in hand), pogovorno let's get down to the nitty-gritty
s tem se na stvári nič ne spremeni it makes no difference, it does not alter the fact (ali the fact of the matter), it doesn't make any material (ali substantial) difference
to ne spada k stvári this is irrelevant, this is off (ali beside) the point
kot stvári stojé as things are, as things stand (now)
stvári stojé dobro things are going well
stvár stojí takole this is how the matter stands
videti, kako stvari stojé (figurativno) to see how the land lies
umreti za dobro stvár to die for a good cause
vmešavati, vtikati se v tuje stvári to meddle in other people's affairs
vrniti se k stvári to return to the subject
vzeti stvár v roke (figurativno) to take a problem (ali a matter, a business) in hand
vzeti stvári, kot pač pridejo (dobre in slabe) to take the rough with the smooth