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tŕdno prislov firmly, fast; firm

tŕdno se držati česa to keep a firm hold of something
tŕdno sem prepričan (odločen) I am firmly (ali fully) convinced (resolved)
tŕdno priviti (vijak) to tighten (a screw)
tŕdno spati to be fast asleep, to sleep like a log
tŕdno verovati v kaj to be a firm believer in something

tread^*2 [tred]

1. neprehodni glagol
stopati, korakati, iti, hoditi; neposredno slediti

2. prehodni glagol
iti po, stopiti (na), gaziti, tlačiti; krčiti, utreti (pot); plesati (ples); pohoditi, pogaziti, zmečkati; naskočiti

to tread on s.th. stopiti na, pohoditi kaj
to tread on s.o's corns (toes) stopiti komu na kurje oko (na prste)
(to seem) to tread on air figurativno plavati na oblakih, biti ves iz sebe od veselja
to tread the stage (the boards) iti med gledališke igralce, nastopiti na odru
do not tread on the grass! ne hodite po travi!
to tread (as) on eggs iti kot po jajcih, figurativno ravnati, postopati oprezno
to tread on s.o.'s he heels biti komu za petami
to tread a hen naskočiti kokoš (o petelinu)
to tread grapes tlačiti grozdje
he will tread in his father's footsteps šel bo po očetovih stopinjah
to tread lightiy nastopati oprezno
to tread on s.o.'s neck figurativno imeti koga v popolni oblasti
to tread a measure plesati
to tread a path utreti si pot
to tread the room stopati po sobi
to tread under foot pogaziti
to tread warily oprezno postopati
to tread water držati se pokonci hodeč v vodi

tryst [tráist; trist]

1. samostalnik
dogovor, domenek; (dogovorjen) sestanek, rendez-vous
pravno sodna razprava
škotsko (živinski) sejem

to keep (to break) the tryst priti (ne priti) na sestanek; držati (ne držati) dogovor

2. prehodni glagol
določiti sestanek; dogovoriti se (za kraj, čas)

up³ [ʌp] prislov

1.
gor, navzgor, kvišku, v zrak; proti toku (reki, vodi); nazaj

up from the grounds figurativno od temeljev
up till now doslej
from my youth up od moje mladosti naprej
up with the Democrates! živeli demokrati!
hands up! roke kvišku!
you can sail up as far as Sisak lahko se peljete z ladjo do Siska po reki navzgor
he looked for it up and down po vseh kotih in oglih je iskal to
this tradition can be traced up to the Reformation ta tradicija sega nazaj (tja) do reformacije

2.
bliže k, bliže proti (mestu, kjer se nahajamo)
figurativno više, na višjo stopnjo

up and up više in više, vedno više
come up! pridi bliže!
speak up! govori(te) glasneje!
he came up and asked me the way približal se mi je in me vprašal
to move up in the world povzpeti se, napredovati v svetu (v družbi)
I think of running up North mislim napraviti majhno turo na sever

3.
v razvoju, v gibanju, v razburjenju, v uporu itd.

to grow up (od)rasti
hurry up! pohiti!, brž!
the nation is up in arms narod se je uprl z orožjem
my blood was up kri mi je zavrela
the cider is up very much jabolčnik se zelo peni
shares (prices) are up delnice (cene) se dvigajo

4.
popolnoma, čisto, do kraja; skupaj

to burn up zgoreti
to eat up all the cherries pojesti vse češnje
to drink up izpiti, popiti
to follow up a success do kraja izkoristiti uspeh
to bind up skupaj povezati
to lock up the house zakleniti vsa hišna vrata
to tear up a piece of paper raztrgati kos papirja na koščke
the street was up ulica je bila popolnoma razkopana

5.
zgoraj, visoko; pokonci, na nogah

high up in the air visoko v zraku
I live two storeys up stanujem v 2. nadstropju
to be early up biti zgodaj na nogah, zgodaj vstajati
the Prime Minister is up ministrski predsednik govori, ima besedo
to stand up stati pokonci
to sit up sedeti v postelji

6.
v mestu, na univerzi, v šoli

up in London v Londonu
up to town v London
up for a week teden dni v mestu (v Londonu)
the undergraduates come up next week študentje se vrnejo (na univerzo) prihodnji teden
to stay up for the vacation ostati v kraju študija (v kolidžu) za počitnice

7. up to
a) (vse) do; proti, prek

up to now doslej
I had mud up to the knees blato mi je segalo do kolen
he was all right up to yesterday bil je čisto zdrav do včeraj
to be up to date biti sodoben (moderen, v koraku s časom)
I'll give up to 1000 dinars for it plačal bom do 1000 din za to
b) na ravni, na nivoju, ustrezno

up to the door (ali knocker) sleng izvrstno, prima
up to par figurativno "na višini"
not up to expectations neustrezno pričakovanjem
not yet up to the ropes figurativno še neuveden, ki se še ne spozna
up to sample po (ustrezno) vzorcu
his book is not up to much njegova knjiga ni kaj prida vredna
to live up to one's income živeti ustrezno svojim dohodkom
your work is not up to your usual standard tvoje delo ni na nivoju tistega, ki ga navadno dosežeš
to be up to s.th. nameravati kaj, snovati kaj, biti dorasel čemu, ustrezati čemu, biti (komu) do česa; biti odvisen od česa; biti pripravljen na; spoznati se na kaj
what are you up to? kaj nameravaš?
it is up to you (to decide) vaša stvar je, da odločite; od vas je odvisna odločitev
to be up to a thing or two figurativno biti prebrisan
to feel up to s.th. čutiti se doraslega čemu; biti pripraven, razpoložen za, dobro znati kaj
to get up to s.o. držati korak s kom
to be up to the mark figurativno biti na višini
to be up to snuff sleng biti zvit (premeten, izkušen)
I am up to your little game dobro vem, kaj spletkariš
what has he been up to? kakšno neumnost je spet napravil?
you have been up to some trick again! si že spet naredil kakšno budalost!
I am not up to travelling nisem sposoben za potovanje
it is up to you to prove it vi morate to dokazati

8.
pod vodstvom (pri študiju na univerzi)

I was up to A. A. je vodil moje študije, je bil moj mentor (tutor)

9.

up with na isti višini z, v isti oddaljenosti z
to come up with s.o. dohiteti koga
to keep up with držati korak s
up with you! vstani!, pridi gor!
up against proti
up into gori v, gor
up on više (od, kot)
up till vse do

úra (čas) hour; (žepna) watch; (stoječa, stenska, stolpna) clock; (namizna) timepiece

úra budilka alarm clock
peščena úra sand glass
sončna úra sundial
cerkvena úra church clock
úra z nihalom pendulum clock
zapestna úra wristwatch
ladijska úra chronometer
úra štoparica stopwatch
policijska úra curfew
konične úre rush hour
huda úra thunderstorm
učna úra lesson
proste úre free (ali spare) hours pl
smrtna úra the hour of death, dying hour, last hour
v zgodnjih úrah in the small hours
úra X vojska zero hour
v teku ene úre, v manj kot eni úri in less than an hour, within an hour
o úre do úre from hour to hour
prav ob tej úri at this very hour
po moji úri by my watch
pol úre half an hour, a half hour
pred pol úre half an hour ago
5 milj na úro 5 miles per hour, 5 miles an hour
vsake tri úre every three hours
več kot eno úro over one hour
ob tej úri at the present time, ZDA presently
polni, celi 2 úri for two hours at a stretch (ali pogovorno on the trot)
dobro úro a good hour
ob 12. úri at 12 o'clock, at noon
v smeri kazalca úre clockwise, (v nasprotni) anticlockwise
jermenček za zapestno úro watch strap, strap for wristwatch; (wrist) watch band; strap (ali cord, link, expansion) band
verižica za úro watch chain, (pri telovniku) watch guard
kolesje úre movement of a watch
ohišje úre clock case
vzmet úre watch spring
utež pri úri clock weight
kazalec úre hand
kazalec sončne úre gnomon
številčnica úre dial
tovarna úr clock factory, watch factory
trgovina z úrami clock trade, watch trade, trade in clocks and watches
koliko je úra? what time is it?, what's the time?, (redko) what o'clock is it
úra je 5 it is five o'clock
četrt na šest je it is a quarter past five
pol šestih je it is half past five
tri četrt na šest je it is a quarter to six
na moji úri je tri it is three by my watch
ob kateri úra? at what time?
je ta úra prav? is that clock (tvoja zapestna úra your wristwatch oziroma pogovorno watch) right?
on je točen kot úra he is as regular as clockwork
moja úra je točna my watch keeps perfect time
dobrih 5 úr je do mesta it's a good five hours to the town
moja úra gre dobro my watch is a good timekeeper
moja úra ne gre (se je ustavila, se je iztekla) my watch is not going (has stopped, isn't working)
moja úra je pokvarjena there is something wrong with my watch
navijte svojo úro! wind up your watch!
moja úra je navita my watch is wound up
úra bíje the clock strikes (oziroma is striking)
úra bo zdajci (od)bila 11 the clock is just about to strike eleven
úra je odbila 7 the clock has struck seven
odbila mu je zadnja úra his last hour is come
moja úra prehiteva my watch is fast (ali gains, is gaining)
moja úra zaostaja my watch is slow (ali loses, is losing)
vprašati koliko je úra to ask the time
naravnati (regulirati) úro po... to regulate (ali to set) one's watch by...
držati se rednih úr to keep regular hours
letalo je doseglo poprečno 450 milj na úro the plane averaged 450 miles an hour
dajati angleške úre (= lekcije) to give English lessons
to úro je treba naviti this clock needs winding up (ali rewinding)
moja úra je potrebna popravila my watch needs repairing
razmakniti konične úre (da ni navala na avtobuse itd.) to stagger office hours
rana úra zlata úra early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise
delati 24 úr brez prekinitve (noč in dan) to work around the clock

úzda bridle, rein; curb

držati na úzdi (figurativno) to check, to curb, to restrain

vájet rein; (jezdnega konja) bridle

držati krepko koga na vájetih to keep a tight rein on someone
pritegniti vájeti to draw rein
izpustiti vájeti iz rok to drop the rein
popustiti (konju) vájeti to give (a horse) free rein (ali the rein)
imeti, držati (trdno) vájeti to hold the reins (tudi figurativno)
obrniti konja na levo z vájetmi to rein a horse to the left
ustaviti (konja) z vájetmi to rein in (a horse), to rein up

vow¹ [váu] samostalnik
svečana obljuba, prisega
religija zaobljuba

vow of secrecy obljuba tajnosti, molčečnosti
lover's vows obljuba zvestobe
monastic vow samostanska zaobljuba
marriage vows obljuba zakona
to break a vow prelomiti obljubo
to perform a vow izpolniti (držati) obljubo
to take the vows religija zaobljubiti se (za redovnika, -ico), iti v samostan
I have taken a solemn vow not to smoke any more svečano sem obljubil, da ne bom več kadil

vrát neck; (grlo) throat

trd vrát stiff neck
labodji vrát swan's neck
na vrát na nos helter-skelter, head over heels, headlong; precipitately
do vrátu v težavah up to the eyes (ali ears) in difficulties
do vrátu v delu up to the elbows in work
biti do vrátu v vodi to be up to the ears in water
biti do vrátu sit česa to be fed up to the back teeth with something
vrát me boli I have a sore throat
imeti koga na vrátu (figurativno) to have someone on one's back
imeti veliko družino na vrátu to be encumbered with a large family
držati koga za vrát to hold someone by the throat
pasti komu okoli vrátu to fall on someone's neck, to embrace someone
prerezati komu vrát to cut someone's throat
razbiti vrát steklenice to break the neck of a bottle
stegovati vrát to stretch (ali to crane) one's neck (za, po at, for)
tičati do vrátú v dolgovih to be up to one's eyes (ali ears) in debt
vreči se komu okoli vrátú to throw one's arms round someone's neck
zaviti komu vrát to wring someone's neck, to tread on someone's neck
zgrabiti koga za vrát to grab someone by the throat, to take someone by the neck
zlomiti komu vrát to break someone's neck
zlomiti si vrát to break one's neck
zmagati za dolžino vrátú (pri konjskih dirkah) to win by a neck

vŕsta row (hiš of houses); line; rank; vojska file; turn; series; kind, sort; set; type; genus, species; variety; quality

dolga vŕsta long row
v vŕsti in a row, in a line
v vŕstah in rows
sprednja (zadnja) vŕsta front (back) line
v sprednjih vŕstah in the front ranks
v nepretrgani vŕsti in straight succession
po vŕsti in turn, by turns; in rows; (po eden) one at a time, successively
naslovna vŕsta headline
vŕsta sedežev row of seats
vŕsta topolov row of poplars
kdo je na vŕsti? whose turn is it?
jaz sem na vŕsti it is my turn
počakati moraš, da prideš na vŕsto! you must await (ali pogovorno wait) your turn!
prideš kmalu na vŕsto your turn will soon come
ne (se) držati vŕste pri čakanju (preskočiti vŕsto) to jump a queue
čakati v vŕsti (za kaj) to queue (for something)
sedeti v prvi vŕsti to sit in the front row
brati med vŕstami to read between the lines
brali smo po vŕsti (eden za drugim) we took it in turns to read
korakati v vŕsti to march in file
razredčiti vŕste to thin out the rows
postaviti v vŕsto to put (ali to set) in a row; to rank, to file, to draw up
postaviti se v vŕsto (štartno črto pred tekom) to toe the line
imeli smo vŕsto deževnih dni we (have) had a succession of rainy days
imamo tri vŕste vina we have three sorts of wine

vzórec sample; pattern; specimen; sampler

po vzórcu on the pattern of, up to sample, as per sample
vzórec brez vrednosti samples only
poslati kot vzórec brez vrednosti to send by pattern (ali sample) post
knjiga vzórcev specimen (ali pattern) book
karta vzórcev sample card
kupiti na podlagi vzórca to buy by sample
poslan (po pošti) kot vzórec brez vrednosti sent by sample post
izbrati za vzórec, vzeti vzórec (česa), rabiti kot vzórec za to sample
po kakovosti ne ustrezati vzórcu not to match the sample(s) in quality
kakovost poslanega blaga ne ustreza vzórcu the goods sent are not up to the sample (ali are inferior to sample)
vzórec brez vrednosti! (napis na pošiljki) samples only!
držati se vzórca, slediti vzórcu to follow the pattern

wax¹ [wæks]

1. samostalnik
(čebelji) vosek; vosku podobna snov; predmet iz voska
kemija vosek (parafin)
ameriško gost sirup; gramofonska plošča
figurativno "vosek", oseba, ki si da hitro vplivati

ear-wax medicina ušesno maslo, cerumen; (= cobbler's wax) čevljarska smola
sealing-wax pečatni vosek

2. pridevnik
voščen

3. prehodni glagol
namazati, prevleči z voskom; navoščiti, polirati; zatesniti z voskom; namazati, prevleči s smolo; posneti na gramofonsko ploščo

waxed paper voščeni papir
he is wax in her hands on je "vosek" v njenih rokah
to be as close (ali tight) as wax figurativno biti molčeč
to stick like wax to s.o. držati se kot klòp (klošč) koga

withhold [wiðhóuld] prehodni glagol
zadržati; odbiti, odreči, prikriti, ne objaviti, ne hoteti dati (a document, one's help listino, svojo pomoč)
pravno pridržati

to withhold one's consent odreči svojo privolitev
to withhold o.s. from s.th. držati se proč od česa
to withhold payment odkloniti plačilo
to withhold information from s.o. komu ne dati informacij

word¹ [wə:d] samostalnik
beseda; kar je (iz)rečeno; govor; besedilo, tekst (pesmi itd.); častna beseda, obljuba; pritrditev, zagotovitev, zagotovilo; nalog, ukaz, navodilo; geslo, parola; sporočilo, obvestilo, odgovor
religija božja beseda, sveto pismo, biblija
zastarelo pregovor, (iz)rek, moto
množina pričkanje, prerekanje

the words tekst, libreto
at a word na besedo, takoj
by word of mouth ustno
in so many words dobesedno, (na) kratko
word for word od besede do besede, dobesedno
beyond words neizrazljiv
on the word, with the word na to besedo, po tej besedi, s to besedo
in a word z eno besedo, skratka
in other words z drugimi besedami
upon my word (of honour)! pri moji časti! (častna beseda!); saj (toda) to ni mogoče!
my word upon it! pri moji časti! častna beseda!
a word to the wise pametnemu človeku zadostuje ena sama beseda
a word and a blow po besedah takoj pretep (ravs)
a word in (out of) season (ne)primeren nasvet
a word or two beseda ali dve, nekaj besed
big words hvalisanje, širokoustenje
words and deeds besede in dejanja
burning words ognjevite, plamteče besede
fair, good words lepe, laskave besede
high (hard, hot, sharp, warm) words ostre, hude, trde, jezne besede
wild and whirling words divje, nepremišljene besede
my word! prav zares! bogme!
a play upon words besedna igra
too beautiful for words neizrekljive lepote
too silly for words preneumno, nedopovedljivo neumno
to be a man of few words biti redkobeseden, varčevati z besedami
to be as good as one's word biti popolnoma zanesljiv
to be better than one's word napraviti več, kot smo obljubili
to be worse than one's word ne biti mož beseda, snesti besedo
to break one's word prelomiti svojo besedo, ne držati (svoje) besede
hard words break no bones oštevanje ne boli toliko kot palica; hude besede ne ubijajo
fine words butter no parsnips lepe besede (še) niso dovolj
word came that... zvedelo se je, da...
to eat one's word snesti (svojo) besedo, preklicati svoje besede
to give one's word dati (svojo) besedo, obljubiti
to hang on s.o.'s words viseti na besedah kake osebe, pazljivo koga poslušati
to have a word with imeti kratek razgovor z
to have words with pričkati se, skregati se z; spreti se z
to have the last word imeti zadnjo besedo
he has not a word to throw at a dog figurativno on je prefin, da bi govoril z drugimi
to have no words for ne imeti besed za, ne moči izraziti
to keep one's word držati (svojo) besedo, biti mož beseda
to leave word that... sporočiti, da...
to make no word about ne izgubljati besed o
to proceed from words to blows od besed priti do pretepa
to put in (ali to say) a good word for zastaviti (reči) dobro besedo za
to suit the action to the word od besed takoj preiti na delo
to take s.o. at his word prijeti koga za besedo
I took his word for it nisem dvomil o (verjel sem) njegovi besedi
to retract one's word umakniti (nazaj vzeti, preklicati) svojo besedo
send me word! javi mi, sporoči mi!
to send word of one's arrival obvestiti o svojem prihodu
to waste words tratiti besede, zaman govoriti

zadržán kept back, retained; (ustavljen) stopped, held up, detained, withheld; (zakasnel) delayed

bil sem zadržán I was prevented from coming; figurativno (rezerviran) reserved
zadržáno (rezervirano) se držati to exercise restraint

zalóga stock; store

v, na zalógi in stock, in store
ne (več) na zalógi out of stock
vsa zalóga the whole stock; (rezerva za silo) stockpile
zalóga živil provisions pl
zalóge za zimo stores pl for the winter
delati si zalóge to stockpile
držati v zalógi (v rezervi) to hold (ali to keep) in store
imeti v zalógi to have in stock, to stock
napraviti si zalógo česa to lay in (ali to take in) a stock (of)
obnoviti svojo zalógo to renew one's stock
moje zalóge gredo h kraju my stores are getting low

zapór prison; arrest; custody; imprisonment; lockup; detention; confinement; (zgradba) prison, jail

strogi zapór close arrest
v zapóru under arrest, in custody, imprisoned
zapór v samici solitary confinement
hišni zapór confinement to quarters
obdržati, držati v zapóru to detain, to hold under arrest
izpustiti iz zapóra to release
on je pogojno izpuščen iz zapóra he is out on parole
obsoditi na 5 let zapóra to sentence to 5 years' imprisonment
izpustiti iz zapóra proti varščini to release on bail
odvesti v zapór to take into custody
vtakniti v zapór to put in (ali to send to) prison; to place under confinement
strpati v zapór to clap in prison
vreči v zapór to throw in jail